A Reconstruction of the Thermae of Novitian (above) and a View of the Ruins (below)

Art Historical Context

Jan Goeree’s drawing presents a fascinating juxtaposition of imagination and observation. The upper section reconstructs the grand Thermae of Novitian, an ancient Roman bath complex, with soaring vaults, columns, and ornate details that evoke its former splendor. Below, Goeree records the actual ruins in a more restrained manner, showing crumbling walls overtaken by trees and vegetation. This dual view reflects the 17th- and 18th-century fascination with classical antiquity, when European artists and scholars sought to revive and understand Rome’s architectural legacy. Executed in pen and black ink with brown wash and red chalk, the work demonstrates Goeree’s skill in architectural rendering. The precise ink lines define structural forms, while delicate washes create depth and atmosphere, and touches of red chalk add warmth to the stone surfaces. Such techniques were typical of Dutch draftsmen of the period, who often produced studies for engravings or scholarly publications. Created before 1704, this sheet exemplifies the era’s blend of documentary accuracy and creative reconstruction. Now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, it offers modern viewers a window into how artists helped shape historical understanding of the ancient world.

About the Artist

Jan Goeree · 1670–1731

Comment on works: Painter; Draughtsman; Engraver; History; Subjects in landscapes