High-Ranking Courtesans of the Three Capitals - A Set of Three (Santo tayu sanpukutsui)

Art Historical Context

In the vibrant world of 18th-century Japan, Torii Kiyomasu II's *High-Ranking Courtesans of the Three Cap - A Set of Three (c. 1740) captures the of the ukiyo-e tradition, or "pictures of the floating world." by the esteemed Torii school, renowned for its dynamic actor portraits and bijin-ga (beautiful women prints), this hand-colored woodblock print showcases tayū—top-tier courtesans Edo (Tokyo), Kyoto, and Osaka Presented as an uncut hosoban triptych, the three narrow sheets form a panoramic 33.7 × 48.1 cm composition, offering a rare glimpse into their opulent lives amid the pleasure districts. The urushi-e technique, using lacquer-like glue in the inks, lends the print a glossy, jewel-toned sheen that heightens the courtesans' luxurious kimonos and poised elegance. This innovative method, popular in the early 18th century, bridged benizuri-e (rose-colored prints) and full-color nishiki-e, showcasing Kiyomasu II's mastery of bold lines and vivid hand-applied colors before mechanical perfection. Housed in the Art Institute of Chicago's Arts of Asia department, this triptych reflects Edo-period fascination with urban glamour and celebrity culture. Courtesans like these tayū were cultural icons, their fashions and graces emulated across society, making the print both artistic triumph and window into Japan's thriving merchant class pleasures.

About the Artist

Torii Kiyomasu II · 1706–1763

At one point this artist was incorrectly identified as Kiyonobu II.