Maria of Austria, Infanta of Spain [top half]

Art Historical Context

This delicate engraving, titled *Maria of Austria, Infanta of [top half]*, captures the poised likeness of a prominent Habsburg royal, created by the skilled Dutch engraver Simon de (1595–1647) sometime between 1551 and 1600. Measuring just 5.2 × 4.1 cm, this intimate print reproduces the top portion of a silver medal that de Passe himself engraved, showcasing his mastery in translating three-dimensional sculpture into finely detailed two-dimensional art. Housed in the National Gallery of Art'swald Collection (Department CG-E), it exemplifies the era's printmaking prowess. De Passe, part of a renowned family of engravers, specialized in portraiture that bridged sculpture and print, allowing elite imagery like Maria's—depicting her with regal attire and Habsburg features—to circulate widely among collectors and courts. Engravings from medals were a innovative technique in the late Renaissance, preserving precious metalwork in accessible, reproducible form while highlighting the artist's virtuosity in line work and texture. Maria of Austria (1528–1603), sister to Philip II of Spain and Holy Roman Empress consort, embodied the interconnected European dynasties of her time. This artwork not only honors her legacy but also reflects the cultural role of prints in disseminating royal iconography, making noble portraits available beyond palace walls. A gem for visitors, it invites closer inspection of its intricate details.

About the Artist

Simon de Passe · 1590–1647

Simon de Passe (c. 1595–1647), born in Cologne to the renowned Dutch engraver and publisher Crispijn van de Passe the Elder and his wife Magdalene, grew up in a family dynasty of printmakers who had fled Antwerp due to religious persecution as Anabaptists. The second son among five siblings—four of whom became engravers, including brothers Crispijn II and Willem, and sister Magdalena—he trained un...