The apotheosis of James I in an oval at center, friezes with putti and garlands on either side

Art Historical Context

At the heart of this striking 1720 engraving lies the apotheosis—or divine glorification—of King I of England, Scotland, and Ireland (. 1603–1625), depicted in a radiant oval centerpiece. Flanking it are ornate friezes alive with playful putti (cherubic figures) and flowing garlands, evoking triumph and eternal reverence. Created by master engraver Simon Grib II after a design by the Baroque genius Peter Paul Rubens, this transforms a royal portrait into a celestial homage, celebrating James I's legacy long after his death. Rubens, famed for his dynamic compositions and lush exuberance, likely drew from his time in England, where he painted grandiose works for the Stuart court. Gribelin's meticulous engraving technique—using fine lines and cross-hatching to mimic the oil painter's depth and texture—made this image accessible beyond elite circles. Prints like this were vital in the 18th century for spreading royal propaganda and artistic prestige, turning a trimmed sheet of just 12 9/16 × 18 1/4 inches into a portable monument. Housed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Drawings and Prints department, thanks to The Elisha Whittelsey Collection, this piece whispers of monarchy's enduring myth-making, blending Flemish Baroque splendor with British history.

About the Artist

James I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland|Peter Paul Rubens|Simon Gribelin II (British|Netherlandish) · 1566 |1571 –1625 |1645

British, Edinburgh 1566–1625 Theobalds|Netherlandish, Antwerp, 1571– after 1635 Antwerp