"Kai Khusrau Rides Bihzad for the First Time", Folio 212r from the Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Shah Tahmasp

Art Historical Context

This exquisite folio comes from the celebrated Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Shah Tahmasp, one of the most lavish illustrated manuscripts ever created in Persia. Produced around 1525–30 during the early Safavid period, the page illustrates a dramatic moment from Ferdowsi’s epic poem: the young prince Kai Khusrau mounting Bihzad, a legendary horse, for the first time. The scene captures both heroic narrative and courtly splendor, with finely rendered figures, lively horses, and delicate birds set against a richly patterned landscape. The painting is attributed to the artist Qasim ibn ‘Ali, who worked alongside other masters on this ambitious royal project commissioned by Shah Tahmasp. Executed in opaque watercolor, ink, silver, and gold on paper, the work exemplifies the refined techniques of Persian miniature painting. Gold and silver accents heighten the sense of luxury, while the careful layering of pigments creates luminous colors and intricate details that reward close viewing. As part of a codex intended for royal enjoyment, this folio reflects the deep cultural importance of the Shahnama in Persian identity, celebrating kingship, courage, and poetic heritage. Today it resides in the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s collection of Islamic art, offering visitors a vivid window into 16th-century Safavid artistry and storytelling.

About the Artist

Qasim ibn 'Ali|Abu'l Qasim Firdausi (Iranian|Iranian) · 1500 |0935 –1585 |1020

Iranian, active ca. 1525–60|Iranian, Paj ca. 940/41–1020 Tus